Polishing marble



(No Model.) B'SheetS-Sheet 1. J. C. FOWLER 8v W. E'. OTT.

POLISHING MARBLE.

Patented May 1890.`

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No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2; l

J. C". FOWL'BR u W. F. OTT. POLISHING MARBLE.

No. 427,262. Patented May 6,1890..

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(No Model.) v3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. C. FOWLER 8v W. F. OTT.

-POLISHING MARBLE. No. 427.262. Patented May 6, 1890.'

.IuHN [-FUWLER- VVl-.LLI A M TT- (abbo/014mg UNrTEn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN O. FO\VLER AND VILLIAM F. OTT, OF MARIETTA,- GEORGIA.

POLlSHlNG MARBLE.

SPECIFICATION forming part 0f Letters Patent No. 427,262, dated May 6, 1890.

Application filed May 27, 1889. Serial No. 312,316. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN C. FOWLER and VILLIAM F. OTT, citizens of the United States, and residents of Marietta, in the county of Cobb and State of Georgia., have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Grittin g and Polishing' Marble; and we do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and tov letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to the class of devices used for cutting marble, after being sawed, down to an even surface, which operation is called grittingf7 and afterward polishing the same by machinery, and it consists of a cutting-surface, or a surface on which to apply the cutting or polishing material, and of means whereby such cutting-surface is manipulated and whereby the stone to be polished or gritted is kept cool and the said material to be polished pressed with an equable force against the said gritting or polishing surface, the details of construction whereby such ends are arrived at being hereinafter fully described, and the parts claimed as new pointed out in the claims. v

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a plan of the device on the line @c 0c, Fig. 2, showing a portion of slatted chain-bed on which the material to be operated upon is placed and t-he means of giving the grit or buff a partially-rotary motion transversely of the material to be polished, and also showing the position of rollers for holding the material level on the slatted chain-bed, said rollers being drawn in rudimentary form, as their journaling requires no description, being of the simplest and most common kind. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the device,partlyin longitudinal vertical section, through the center of the bed,further showing the device fori1nparting the desired movement to the gritting or polishing heads, and also showing, further, the construction of the bed and other details partly exhibited in the preceding iigure. Fig. 3 is a detail of the means of moving in a slight degree the gritting and polishingheads to and from the material to be operated upon. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line y y, Fig. 3, further showing the means for adjusting the heads in a small degree. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the device, further showing the operative parts, and especially the means for giving the heads the partially-rotary motion ,across the stone, and also the preferred form of device for transmitting the power to the various operative parts connected with the head. Fig. 6 is a detail cross-sectional view of the slatted chain-table, showing means for giving it elasticity. Fig. 7 is aside elevation of a portion of one of the sections of said slatted chain-table. Fig. 8 is a central vertical longitudinal section of the shaft which carries the grit or the buff, showing its tubular form, for purposes hereinafter described. Fig.- 9 is an edge and face view of a gritting-disk. Fig. 10 is a side and face View of a form of buff.

In'the figures, like reference-marks indicating corresponding parts in the several views, A is the main column carrying and sustaining the operative parts of the device, so far as relates to the carrying of the cutter-head and its movements. On this column A, and preferably stationary thereon, are hangersB and O, carrying the shaft D and the upper bearings of the shafts E andv F. On this shaft D would generally be placed the main driving-pulley, and, if desired, power could be obtained therefrom for driving the hereinafter-described bed. On the said column A is the hanger G, which carries the lower ends of the shafts E and F, as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, said vertical adjustment being for the purpose of regulating the height above the table -upon which the material is placed ofthe gritting and polishing faces, and carrying all other parts connected with the operation of said gritting and polishing faces with them in order to preserve the proper relative positions of parts necessary for efficient operation, the two shafts E and F passing through gears e and f, power being transmitted from said shafts to said gears by means of feathers in the gears and keyway in said shafts, or in the contrary, as desired. Attached to the shaft F, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, 'and swinging around said shaft, is

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the hanger I, which has thereon lugs QI c', to

which are connected the pitmen J, which at their other ends are connected to the cranks 71, 7L on the shaft II, which cranks h 7L, being rotated by the revolution of the said shaft II, will impart a reciprocating motion to the said connecting-rods or pitmen J, and hence a partially-rotary motion to the said hanger I and all things attached thereto around the shaft F, for the purpose of carrying the gritting or polishing faces across the material to be polished and to preserve-the proper relative operative positions of the parts. These said cranks ZL h are slotted for the necessary distance to allow of adjustment of the length of the lateral portion of the working-faces, the crank-pins sliding thereon for that pur pose. It is obvious that one of these cranks would be operative for the purpose if strongly constructed; but two are preferred, as this insures sufficient strength and more reliability than would be had were only one sup' plied. The connections at each end of the pitmen .I is a universal joint to allow of the motion incident to the reciprocation of the pitmen and the semi-rotary movement of the hanger I. On the outer end of this hanger I is journaled the shaft K, which carries on its lower end the cutting` or polishing disk, which will be hereinafter described, said shaft being driven by means of a belt or gearing from the shaft F, gearing, however, as shown, being the preferred device for transmitting the power. The spring r, around this shaft K, between the upper journal and the collar 7c', is for the purpose of counterbalancing the weight of said shaft, in order to facilitate the elastic adjustment of the said shaft by means which will now be described. Vertical adjustment of this shaft'K is necessary, from the fact that the gritting or polishing surface should have an elastic bearing ou the material to be polished, and also at times it is necessary to slightly raise the said shaft to place material under the operation of the machine or for various incidental purposes. This movement must also be elastic, for the reason that some material, and especially marble, is of such a nature that no hard positive pressure can be applied to its surface, as such pressure would create more friction and consequent heat than could be managed, and thus produce a plucking out of the crystals in crystalline material and in. many non-crystalline materials a slight disintegration of the surface fatal to a iine polish. It is also in following out this necessity that the bed has been constructed in the novel manner shown and hereinafter fully described.

In order to get a positive vertical motion, the lever M would be used, attached to the shaft K by means of a swivel and pivoted on the center bar of the hanger or other convenient place and attached at its opposite end to the wheel N, also by a swivel, which wheel nieves upwardly and downwardly on ascrewthreaded sleeve; but in order to get this motion vertically, and elasticity as well, the de.- vice shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4 has been supplied, which is constructed as follows, viz: On the shaft F fits loosely the sleeve f', which is secured at its ends to the hanger I and has a feather f. Around this sleeve f is another sleeve f which is screw-threaded externally and has a groove to correspond with the feather f, and a corresponding screw-thread is made on the interior of the hub of the wheel N, to which the lever M is pivoted, as shown, preferably by means of a swivel,

.said lever extending past the center bar t" of the hanger I, whereon it is pivoted, and extending to the shaft K, to which it is attached in substantially the same manner as to the hub of the wheel N. The sleeve f is shorter than the sleeve f', which sleeve f', as hereinbefore stated, is as long as the distance between the journal-bearings in the hanger I, through which passes the shaft Il, and between each end of the said sleeve f and the said journal-boxes of the sleeve I are interposed coiled springs fm which exert an elastic force on the sleeve f", which, carrying the wheel N, to which the lever M is attached, will of course impart to the cutter Il an elastic pressure againstany surface with which it comes in contact. This shaft K is hollow throughout its entire length, and has attached to its top a tube of any desired construction and by any approved manner attached thereto for the purpose of carrying the cooling agent,which in the case of the grits would be water and be pumped therein, and in the case of the buffs wouldbe air of the requi site temperature, which would be supplied by a fan. The cooling agent passing down through the shaft is forced between the working-surfaces of the disk and the surface of the material operated upon, and will be thrown out, having once entered this slight aperture, by centrifugal force incident to the revolution of the disks, which renders it impossible that any portion of the disk shall be dry during its working. The effect of the heating of the surface of the material-marble, for ex'- amplewould be to expand the crystals and cause the grit to pluck them out of their place, completely ruining the surface of the stone.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, on the lower end of shaft K is the cutting or polishing disk L, which may be secured thereto in any approved manner, the preferable form of attachment being to fasten a faceplate to said shaft K and cause thegrit or buff to adhere thereto yby a cement of the desired strength and durability. The cutting or polishing disks may be made in any desired form which is found best adapted to the work to be performed thereby. If facial corrugations are used in said disks, it would be for the purpose of allowing the easy exit from the center of air or water which is supplied, as herein described. These wheels .may be, for grittin g, of grindstone, emery, corundum, or like gritty substances of the required fineness and hard- ICO IIO

, ness, while the buffs for polishing would be made with a soft working-surface, such as would be supplied, for instance, by stufling with felt and a covering of leather or other suitable material, said buif being, essentially, an agent with. which to apply t-he polishing' putty. If necessary, a buff might be used in applying the finer grits, if a material with which to make said buffs could be obtained that would stand the cutting incident to the use of grit thereon.

The parts of this device hereinbeforedescribed form a complete machine for manipnlating one gritting or polishing disk, and in a complete plant for surfacing and polishing any material to which this device is adapted these parts would with slight changes necessary within the scope of the invent-ion herein late each grade of grit from the coarsest to the finest and making the operation of gritting and polishing a continuous one from thetime the rough-sawed stone is placed on the slatted table until the stone, polished in the desired degree, is removed from said table.

Thebed O maybe made of anylength desired and should be in any case sufficiently long to give ample support to the slabs or plates of material in order that the Work may be equable.

The table consists of a frame of the required form and size supported by legs or in any other desired manner. Extending across this frame from the inner side of the side piecesis the table P, which stops short of both ends of the said frame to leave room for the sprocketwheels Q, which carry the hereinafter-described endless belt. This table P is preferable planed flat on top to keep the chain level, and forms a resistance to the downward pressure of the disks on the material, and has grooves p for the nuts on the slats of the table.

The belt forming the slatted table R runs over sprocket-wheels or other carriers at the ends of the frame O, and is constructed as follows: The base-piece r, which slides on the table P, has upwardly-projecting lugs r on its upper side near each end, through which lugs pass the rods 7"', which engage with the teeth of the sprocket-wheels and carry the belt forward. The upper plate 1" is secured adj ustably to the plate r by means of the pins r, which are fastened securely in said plate fr, and which pass loosely through the plate fr and are screw-threaded on their ends for the reception of the nut s, which prevents its withdrawal from the said plate r. Around these .pins 9" are the springs s', which keep the plate r" pressed upwardly and give elasticity to their upward pressure, and hence give an elastic pressure of the material against the gritting and polishing disks in addition to that given to said disks by the construction hereinbefore set forth. These pins and springs may be of any size and number throughout the slatted bed which may be found necessary in the operation of the device. The sections formed as just described are fastened together by any suitable means, one of which is shown in somewhat rudimentary form in the drawings.

Too much stress cannotbe laid on the necessity for an elasticity in the contact of the disks and material such as furnished by this device, as the success of the whole operation of gritting and polishing marble and analogous substances depends wholly on this pressure of the disks against said material being such that it will grit and polish Without taking any deep cuts and will cause the disks to adapt themselves to any undulation of the surface, so as to take no corner cuts with the grits, as the slightest heating above a given temperature, which is exceedingly low, will cause the expansion of the crystals and the plucking of these crystals from their bed in the material and the disintegration of the surface of the material.

To hold the material from rising too high by any accident, and if `:necessary to vkeep it pressed down on the bed, rollers S may be Y placed above said material in any convenient position, being journaled on the bed in any desired manner.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, isV

l. In a surfacing-machine, the hanger G, carrying the shaft F, hanger I, sleeves f f", springs f", and hand- Wheel N, and said hanger I carrying the lever M, substantially as shown, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a surfacing-machine, the horizontallyreciprocating hanger provided with lugs t, engaging with pitmen j and carrying the support for the lever IWI, pivoted to the vertically-adj ustable shaft K, said shaftbeing provided at its upper end With collar la', thereby enabling it to be supported by the spring 7c.

3. In a machine of the class described, the i hangers G and I andvshafts F and K, said shaft K carrying the head L, and said hanger I being partially rotated around the said shaftF combination of the hangers G and I, the shafts F and K, the sleeves f and f", the springs fw, the wheel N, and the lever M, pivoted to said wheel N and shaft F, all arranged and operating substantially as shown and described.

6. In a machine of the class described, the hangers G and I, the lshafts F and K, the sleeves f and f", the springsf, and the spring k on thershaft K, the Wheel N, and the ISO lever M, pivot-ed to said Wheel N and shaft 8. In a machine of the class described, the F, all arranged and operating,` substantially hollow shaft K, head L, holding a buif or a as shown and described. grit, with means for revolving said shaft, sub- 15 7. In a machine of the class described, an stantially as set forth. 5 elastic bed consisting of several sections, con- In testimony whereof We hereunto affix our sisting of the plates o and r", the said plate lsignatures in presence of two Witnesses. o" having the lues fr and the rod r, and the i plate T" having,` the pins TH" and the springs s', fastened together by links and forming an ro endless belt adapted to be carried on rollers Vitnesses:

or sprocket-Wheels, substantially as described ROBT. C. HAMMETT,

and shown. I-I. T. BAILEY. 

